For a building to legally exist and be safely bought or sold, two key documents matter: the building permit (yapı ruhsatı) and the occupancy permit (iskan). These are often confused, yet they directly shape a property's value and safety. This article explains the difference, the process, and the risks of a building without an occupancy permit.
What Is a Building Permit?
A building permit is the official authorization issued by the municipality for a structure to be built in line with the zoning plan and approved project. It must be obtained before construction begins. Construction started without a permit is treated as illegal and may face severe sanctions, including demolition.
What Is an Occupancy Permit?
The occupancy permit certifies that construction was completed in accordance with the permit and project. It is issued after the administration inspects the finished building. It confirms the building is ready for use and is required for permanent electricity, water and gas subscriptions.
How the Permit Process Works
The process typically involves obtaining the zoning status document, preparing architectural, structural and mechanical projects, having them approved, paying fees, and finally issuing the permit. Once construction is complete, an occupancy application is made and the permit is granted with building inspection reports.
Risks of a Building Without Occupancy Permit
A building without an occupancy permit is not legally ready for full use. Key risks include:
- Banks may require an occupancy permit for a mortgage.
- Transition to condominium title may be impossible.
- Only temporary subscriptions may be available.
- Project non-compliances can create extra cost and legal issues for the buyer.
What to Check Before Buying
Always confirm the existence of both permits when buying property. Check the deed record, compliance with the project, and the occupancy date. Learning the cost and time to fix any shortcomings prevents future surprises.
For guidance on permits, occupancy and zoning, Armet Emlak & Harita is here: (0242) 417 72 72 · armetinsaatemlakharita.com